gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (TACA), muscimol, imidazole-4-acetic acid (I4AA), cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA), and isoguvacine are all GABA(C) receptor agonists. These compounds have different apparent sensitivities (EC(50)) and efficacies (I(max)) on exogenously expressed human rho1 homomeric GABA(C) receptors. It is not clear if these differences are due to distinct binding affinities and/or distinct gating kinetics. In this study, using a recently developed single oocyte binding technique, we determined the apparent dissociation constants (K(i) values) of these compounds from their IC(50) values for [(3)H]GABA displacement. The apparent K(i) values fell into two distinct groups. The high affinity group was comprised of agonists with longer distances between the nitrogen atom of the amino or imidazole group and the carbon atom of the carboxyl or isoxazole group. The single oocyte binding technique, in conjunction with two-electrode voltage clamp, has allowed a direct correlation of the apparent affinity, efficacy, and potency of agonists on intact functional GABA(C) receptors. The correlation and coupling of these parameters are discussed in terms of a simple proposed activation mechanism.